Tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare cause of airway obstruction and may initially mimic common respiratory conditions. In primary care, recognition is particularly challenging because chest radiography...
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) represents the most prevalent adult leukemia in Western populations, with a median age at diagnosis of approximately 70 years. The disease is exceptionally rare in patients under 40 years of age, and such presentations ...
Electrocardiographic interpretation of high-rate atrial tachyarrhythmias can be challenging. We report a case of atrial tachycardia with a particular regularly irregular conduction pattern. Alternating Wenckebach periodicity is a common, yet overlooked, electrocardiographic phenomenon ...
Imaging characteristics of rectal endometriosis overlap with rectal cancer, which can lead to misdiagnosis. We describe a 71-year-old woman, presenting with post-menopausal bleeding, found to have a rectal mass on pelvic MRI, which was presumed malignant at the time of reporting. However, biopsies were inconclusive ...
Disseminated Peritoneal Leiomyomatosis (DPL) is a rare, usually benign condition, marked by multiple leiomyomas in the peritoneal cavity. Although typically benign, DPL can present significant diagnostic challenges. ...
Terminal Ileal (TI) ulcers are occasionally detected in asymptomatic, healthy individuals, regardless of their medication history, including the use of aspirin or Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). In most cases, these ulcers resolve completely on their own without treatment, though some are associated ...
Heart Failure (HF) represents the advanced stage of various cardiovascular diseases and remains a major global public health challenge despite advances in pharmacological and device-based therapies. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has emerged as a promising adjunctive ...
An enlarged uvula is known to result from more than a dozen different toxic, infectious or traumatizing phenomena, including pharyngitis, smoking cocaine or crack, snoring/sleep apnea, and several sexually transmitted infections.
This work proposes a conceptual optical–AI integrated framework based on ZnO quantum dot fluorescence for non-invasive early breast tissue assessment. The system is designed as an external wearable optical platform, in which controlled near-infrared excitation stimulates photoluminescent responses from functionalized quantum dot interfaces.
To investigate the incidence of Cerebral Hypoperfusion Lesions (CHL) in patients with acute cerebral infarction and their distribution characteristics in different brain tissues. A total of 177 patients with acute cerebral infarction were enrolled.
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an emerging, genetically determined lipid parameter recognized as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of elevated Lp(a) levels among Iraqi women attending the Women’s Hospital in Karbala Iraq.
AA amyloidosis, also known as secondary amyloidosis, is a systemic disorder resulting from chronic inflammatory conditions and characterized by extracellular deposition of Serum Amyloid A (SAA)-derived fibrils. Although renal involvement is most common, pulmonary manifestations are rare and may present diagnostic challenges.
Hemangiomas within the mandible or maxilla are rare and typically present as radiolucencies with well- demarcated borders. It is rare to have focal or diffuse sclerosis at the border, but we present a case with an extremely unusual and completely unexplained sclerotic ring around such a vascular lesion.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected mental health worldwide. In children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric conditions, especially those with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) and its subtype Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS).
Despite the efficacy of fibrinolysis, it also imposes patient to risk of bleeding that could be fatal. A 68-year-old male presented with anginal chest pain 4 hours onset. Vital signs were BP 59/40 mmHg, HR 45×/minute, RR 22×/minute and SpO2 88%. Patient had history of PCI on 2015.
Pituitary metastases are rare and often mimic benign adenomas, leading to diagnostic delays. Even more uncommon are metastases from gastrointestinal or pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs), especially when presenting as giant sellar masses.
Though infrequently encountered, a ruptured hemorrhagic ovarian cyst can cause sudden, severe abdominal pain and can be mistaken for other emergency gynecologic or abdominal conditions. A 36-year-old woman presented with acute onset severe abdominal pain with vomiting and a sudden and deteriorated with significant drop in hemoglobin.
Impacted supernumerary teeth often require surgical intervention, which may involve extensive bone removal and risk to adjacent anatomical structures. Minimally invasive techniques, especially those facilitated by robotic technology, provide a viable alternative.
A 16-year-old nulliparous female with a history of severe dysmenorrhea since menarche (age 14) presented with worsening lower abdominal pain. Her cycles were irregular (24-30 days), with normal flow lasting five days. After four cycles, she developed severe dysmenorrhea, associated with nausea, dizziness, and functional impairment.
A 75 yr old woman presented to our stroke service with acute onset of word finding difficulty and confusion. She was subsequently diagnosed with a left Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) territory stroke. During admission she developed high-grade fevers and examination identified a diastolic murmur. ...
Cushing’s Disease (CD) is most commonly caused by ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenomas, whereas macroadenomas are rare and often associated with aggressive behavior, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis. We report a challenging case of CD caused by a pituitary macroadenoma with an unfavorable long-term outcome. ...
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) poses significant respiratory challenges at birth due to lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. The Ex-utero Intrapartum Treatment (EXIT) procedure offers a potential strategy to secure the airway while maintaining uteroplacental circulation in selected severe cases. ...
Autonomous digital systems have emerged as practical options supporting clinicians in real-world medical settings. These systems serve as collaborative partners to physicians rather than instrumentation or competitors, with smooth integration occurring when human and machine judgments align. Challenges arise ...
The co-occurrence of a myeloid and plasma cell neoplasm is an incompletely understood phenomenon with few cases reported in the literature. Even rarer is the coexistence of two separate hematologic malignancies in a post-transplant patient. We present a unique case of a concurrent acute myeloid neoplasm with monocytic differentiation ...
Colorectal cancer is extremely rare in children. Primary appendiceal carcinomas are often found incidentally when the appendix is surgically removed. Appendiceal Mucinous Adenocarcinomas are even less common. We report a case of a 10-year-old girl presented with abdominal pain associated with vomiting episodes. ...
Schizophrenia is frequently complicated by comorbid Substance Use Disorders (SUDs), with prevalence rates reported to be between 40-50% across clinical and community settings. Multiple explanatory frameworks have been proposed, including the diathesis–stress model, cumulative risk exposure ...
Pediatric colorectal carcinomas are very rare cancers, particularly before puberty, with annual incidence of 1-2/1,000,000 cases [1,2]. From all cases only 1-4 % occurs in children and adolescents [2]. In pediatric group the tumor is more frequent in male aged above 15 years [3].
IgG4-related skull base pseudotumor is a benign fibroinflammatory disorder involving tissues of the skull base. If inadequately controlled, it may progress to a more diffuse disease with involvement of the optic nerve, additional cranial nerves, and skull bones.
Intraocular Pressure (IOP) is a major diagnostic and prognostic factor in glaucoma management [1]. However, measured IOP values are influenced by Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), which can lead to underestimation or overestimation of true IOP. Pachymetry is therefore essential ...
Visual impairment is a major public health problem, particularly among older adults. Recent data remain scarce in some regions of Togo, especially in rural and hard-to-reach areas of the northern part of the country.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine malignancy strongly associated with immunosuppression. We report the third documented case of MCC in a patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), highlighting the critical role of chronic immunosuppressive therapy rather than the autoimmune disease itself as the primary risk factor for MCC development.
Pulmonary Stenosis (PS) refers to various levels of obstruction between the right ventricular outflow tract and the peripheral pulmonary arteries, most commonly occurring at the valvular level. Echocardiography is widely accepted as an effective and reliable tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of PS.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) esophagitis is the most common viral esophagitis in clinical practice [1]. Herpes Esophagitis (HE) is typically caused by Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1), although less frequently, it is caused by HSV type 2 (HSV-2). Most cases of HE occur in immunocompromised hosts, but occasionally immunocompetent patients develop this condition [2].
Recent advances in biomechanics increasingly rely on the combination of computational modeling and artificial intelligence to understand and predict the behavior of biological tissues. Traditional methods, such as finite element analysis, often struggle with the inherent complexity, heterogeneity, and adaptability of living systems, requiring significant computational resources.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent leukemia in adults in Western Countries. Remarkable strides have been achieved in treatment of CLL. One notable class of agents revolutionizing CLL treatment is Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (BTKi), which have reshaped the landscape by proving viable alternatives to traditional chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection that is acquired through contact with infected animal urine, contaminated water, or soil. An infection may be missed due to late seroconversion.
Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s Disease, is a bacterial infection of the skin and peripheral nerves caused by Mycobacterium leprae [1]. Despite being uncommon in developed nations, leprosy remains a significant global health concern,
We report the case of a 56-year-old male who presented with a two-week history of painless rectal bleeding and perianal discomfort due to Grade II internal haemorrhoids. During evaluation, a thorough systemic examination revealed facial puffiness,
Retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma represents a rare and aggressive mesenchymal neoplasm, frequently associated with a high propensity for local recurrence.
A germline CHEK2 nonsense variant was identified in a patient presenting with both diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, a subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and endometrioid adenocarcinoma, through next-generation
We previously found that N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors (NMDAR) are likely associated with the pathogenesis of Anxiety Disorders (AD) and Thyroid Nodules (TN). This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of NMDAR and its subunits in the development of TN among patients with AD.
We aimed to report a rare clinical case of Meckel syndrome diagnosed by early ultrasound for prenatal diagnosis with characteristic signs, and molecular genetic validation using whole exome sequencing (WES) to make an update on genetic heterogeneity and polymorphism of this entity in our population.
Vitamin B12 deficiency, cobalamin deficiency, remains difficult to define because no single biomarker provides a reliable gold standard, and international consensus on diagnostic thresholds is lacking.
Stigma toward people with mental illness is a multi-dimensional process that links stereotypes, negative attitudes, and discriminatory behaviors to those who have mental disorders. It operates at public, self (internalized), and structural (institutional) levels, and reduces help-seeking.
Severe Mitral Annular Calcification (MAC) represents a rare but technically demanding condition that significantly increases operative risk during mitral valve surgery. Patients undergoing Mitral Valve Replacement (MVR) in this context are predisposed to structural, haemodynamic, and rhythm-related complications.
Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic infection increasingly observed in non-HIV immunocompromised patients, with mortality rates up to 50%. The typical radiological pattern is bilateral interstitial pneumonia with diffuse ground-glass opacities. However, atypical presentations, including
To compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic Total Extraperitoneal Herniorrhaphy (TEP) and Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy in treatment of unilateral initial inguinal hernia patients.
A 52-year-old male complained with gum overgrowth for ten years. He took immunosuppressants (cyclosporine) for post-kidney transplant treatment for twenty years. He took nifedipine sustained-release tablets to control blood pressure. At clinical observation, obvious firm gingival hyperplasia affected both labial and lingual papillary region,
Meige Syndrome (MS) is characterized by blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia that are often refractory to oral medications.
Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a severe congenital malformation of the central nervous system arising around the fourth week of fetal life due to neural tube closure failure. This defect results in an open communication between the neural placode and the external environment.
Whipple disease is a rare condition caused by the actinomycete Tropherima whipplei, ranging from asymptomatic carriage to chronic localized and systemic infections. The long and nonspecific prodromal symptoms.
Perinatal Tuberculosis (TB) is a rare yet severe infectious disease which may affect neonates. This is a case of an infant who had non-specific manifestations of this disease, which mimic neonatal sepsis.
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy with CAV1 variants is a group of conditions characterized by abnormal adipose tissue distribution, including complete or partial loss of adipose tissue or accumulation in internal organs.
A 54-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency room at 21:45 on March 26, 2022, due to “chest tightness for 5 hours after self-administration of Aconitum and Aconite”. On admission, he was in a painful state, complaining of palpitations, chest tightness, fatigue, and amaurosis.
A 76-year-old man had been treated with prednisolone, tacrolimus, azulfidine, and nintedanib for interstitial pneumonia associated with rheumatoid arthritis for two years. A CT scan displayed a gradually enlarging cyst with wall thickening beneath the pleura in the superior segment of the left lung.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from the combined effects of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and chronic low-grade systemic inflammation.
Foreign body ingestion is a common occurrence in clinical practice experienced in many parts of the world, especially among the pediatric population. However, their occurrence in an adult population is rare.
Thalassemia represents a group of inherited disorders characterized by defective hemoglobin synthesis, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis and hemolytic anemia. The disease is most prevalent in the Mediterranean, Middle East, Indian sub-continent, and parts of Southeast Asia and Africa.
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura (SFTP) is a rare, slow-growing mesenchymal neoplasm that accounts for approximately 5% of all pleural tumors, affecting both men and women [1]. The estimated incidence is 2.8 cases per 100,000 hospitalized patients.
Isolated cervical lymphadenopathy with fever is a common reason for consultation in primary care. A straightforward, practitioner-focused diagnostic pathway is largely lacking in literature. Unlike hospital medicine—where rapid certainty and access to extensive, costly diagnostics is the norm.
Manual counting of platelets, in microscopy images, is greatly time-consuming. Our goal was to automatically segment and count platelets images using a deep learning approach, applying U-Net and Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) modelling. Data preprocessing
Lisfranc injury, also known as the tarsometatarsal joint complex injury, refers to the bone or ligament damage of the tarsometatarsal joint and the intercuneiform joint, including stable injury, partial sprain, severe midfoot displacement unstable fracture or fracture dislocation.
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus tapeworms, leading to the development of hydatid cysts, most commonly affecting the liver and lungs. Clinical manifestations are often nonspecific, making diagnosis challenging.
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), a subclass of astrocytoma, is widely recognized as the most aggressive form of neurologic tumors [1]. Astrocytomas that subsequently have increased microvascular proliferation and/or necrosis present within the tumor are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as stage IV astrocytomas
Trichophyton indotineae is an emerging dermatophyte species that has become a significant cause of chronic superficial fungal infections, especially in endemic regions. Its global spread and resistance to terbinafine pose challenges to effective treatment
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by asymmetric Left Ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, resulting in a dynamic LV Outflow Tract (LVOT) obstruction that can cause hemodynamic collapse. While HCM treatment has traditionally involved pharmacologic rate control and in severe cases, surgical intervention
We report the case of a 49-year-old female patient, with no significant medical history, presenting with chronic abdominal pain for nearly two years, associated with alternating episodes of diarrhea and constipation. In the absence of alarm signs or evidence of organic disease, a diagnosis of functional bowel disorder was considered.
This review critically examines the transformative role of the Internet of Things (IoT) in revolutionizing pharmaceutical operations. This article explores how IoT technologies, through real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and automated process controls, enhance manufacturing.
A 54-year-old male was seen for abdominal discomfort and was subsequently diagnosed with a Grade 3 primary liver neuroendocrine tumor replacing the left lobe. Based on the aggressive nature of the diagnosis, the patient was treated with systemic therapy with minimal response.
This report is of a case of a 24-year-old female that experienced a heterotopic pregnancy with rupture of the ectopic with a history of an ectopic pregnancy that occurred 2 years prior. This report serves to add to current medical literature a case of heterotopic pregnancy.
The integration of ICT in the health sector offers numerous benefits, such as enhanced management efficiency, optimized organizational structures, and streamlined data handling. However, this review highlights significant barriers to digital health integration In Northern Nigeria, such as inadequate infrastructure, policy gaps, and literacy challenges.
The objective of our study is to present our experience in Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) in the treatment of unresectable pancreas cancer in elderly patients. A retrospective study with ten patients over 80 years old who underwent percutaneous or surgical IRE to treat unresectable pancreas cancer between 2021 and 2024 after a multidisciplinary tumor board approval.
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has revolutionized biomedical research by enabling precise genetic modifications in laboratory animals. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the effectiveness of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated humanization across various applications, including disease modeling, immune system humanization, and therapeutic development.
Although lipomas are the commonest abdominal wall masses, the ones related to the peritoneum are extremely rare. We present here the second one in the literature and the first one mimicking ovarian dermoid for a 28-year-old lady who presented with right lower quadrant acute abdominal pain.
Hepatic Vein Thrombosis (HVT) is a rare but clinically relevant condition that can complicate hepatic pathologies and contribute to high morbidity. A prompt detection is crucial for therapeutic measures and prevent severe complications. We present a case of a 58-year-old male with middle hepatic vein thrombosis associated with cryptogenic hepatic abscesses.
Pseudoaneurysms of the superficial palmar arch are rare entities and only a few cases have been described in the English literature [1-10]. Penetrating trauma, repetitive trauma to a particular point is common aetiology. They can occur as a complication after previous surgery like carpal tunnel release [1] and arterial puncture.
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare but potentially fatal idiopathic cardiomyopathy that predominantly occurs in the late stages of pregnancy or within several months postpartum. It is clinically manifested as heart failure, posing a severe threat to the life of pregnant and postpartum women.
A uncommon benign lymphatic malformation called Lymphphangioma Circumscriptum (LC) is caused by dilated lymphatic veins in the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue. It frequently manifests in early childhood and can be acquired or congenital.
Hemichorea-Hemiballismus (HCHB) is a rare neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary, violent, jerky movements typically affecting one side of the body, often due to lesions in the basal ganglia from various etiologies.
Diabetes mellitus, a notorious global health concern, presents with a broad spectrum of microvascular and macrovascular complications, of which peripheral neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy are well known; however, isolated sixth nerve palsy is a rare entity noticed in the diabetic population.
Myocardial viability is primarily evaluated with cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (cMRI); however, patient Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICDs) have been shown to increase image artefact and reduce diagnostic viability. A 65-year-old man with ischemic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease and an ICD presented with a chief complaint of chest pain and dyspnea.
To explore the causal relationships between inflammatory factors and hepatic cancer and identify the role of serum metabolites as potential mediators. In this study, we employed two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis based on publicly available large-scale Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data to investigate the causal relationships between 91 inflammatory factors, 1400 serum metabolites.
Relapsing Polychondritis (RP) is a rare auto-immune disease with children accounting for less than 5% of cases, and patients with tracheal chondritis have poor prognosis. Polyarthritis with fever was initially presented in a female patient of 12-year-old. Auricular chondritis, saddle nose and dyspnea developed within 3 months.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) remains one of the commonest causes of structural and functional kidney abnormalities leading to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The next most common cause is hypertension. It is utmost important to investigate the association between diabetic nephropathy and hypertension because it is a major causal factor of end- stage kidney failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
Disulfiram-like reactions occur when certain antibiotics are combined with alcohol, and the specific properties of different antimicrobial classes may lead to varying clinical outcomes. Roxithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic commonly prescribed for respiratory and mycobacterial infections, has not been clearly identified as a trigger for disulfiram-like reactions when combined with ethanol.
In this brief review we will discuss the automation of muscoskeletal functions in nerve signals, and motions derived from osteopathic medicine. We will them merge this knowledge with the new approach to robotics and didactics in Interventional radiology.
Pemphigus Vegetans (PVeg) is a rare variant of pemphigus vulgaris, an autoimmune blistering disorder typically affecting adults. It is characterized by hypertrophic vegetating lesions and flaccid pustules, often preceded by lesions in the oral cavity.
Increased Bleeding Volume during Tympanoplasty (BDT), in addition to disturbing the surgeon's vision, increases the need for transfusion of blood products and the risk of a hemolytic reaction. This study aimed to compare the effect of intravenous infusion of Dexmedetomidine (D) and Magnesium Sulfate (MS) on BDT.
Recent advances in cystic fibrosis therapeutics have resulted in the development of CFTR modulators that have led to great improvements in CF care. Novel adverse effects are still being reported. A case of brittle nails that were reported after initiation of treatment with Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) is presented here. The parents have provided informed consent for this case presentation.
A restrained 17-year-old male initially presented to the emergency department following a high-speed motor vehicle collision with no active complaints. Exam was reassuring notable only for a knee abrasion and patient was discharged home. The following day patient had some vague abdominal plate and the primary physician ordered an abdominal flat plate was obtained at that time (Figure 1).
Acute Subdural Hematoma (ASDH) in an infant without external signs of head trauma is sometimes thought to be symptomatic of Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) or Abusive Head Trauma (AHT) in the United States or of Infantile Acute Subdural Hematoma (IASDH) due to minor head trauma in Japan
Primary heart cancers are rare, but cancer metastases occur much more often, which is why they are diagnosed mainly in non-oncology departments. Approximately 85% of heart cancers are benign, with myxoma predominating [1,4].
Rhinitis Medicamentosa (RM), commonly known as rebound nasal congestion, is an increasingly prevalent condition among young individuals who chronically use topical nasal decongestants. This article explores the development of RM, highlighting the mechanisms, clinical features, prevalence, risk factors, and management strategies.
Chronic disseminated candidiasis is a clinical condition severely affecting patients with hematological malignancies. It has been mainly reported in adult patients, while cases in children and adolescents are rare. Diagnosis is challenging and not well established yet, but a thorough clinical examination can be helpful.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder primarily resulting from pathogenic variants in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes, responsible for collagen synthesis. This autosomal dominant condition is characterized by high morbidity and mortality due to its disabling symptoms, including pain and skeletal deformities. OI is a rare disease and part of the group of orphan diseases.